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SolanaEpoch Status
Real-time monitoring of Solana blockchain's current epoch information, progress, and estimated completion time.
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~2 days
Approximately 432,000 slots
~400ms
per slot
Recent epoch boundaries and projected timing for upcoming epochs.
| Epoch | Status | Starts | Ends | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Times are shown in your local timezone. Completed boundaries are observed on-chain; current and future completion times are projections based on recent slot speed.
Solana epochs are a fundamental aspect of the Solana blockchain's architecture, playing a crucial role in organizing time and managing validator responsibilities within the network. An epoch in Solana is a fixed period during which the set of active validators remains the same and perform tasks such as validating transactions, producing blocks, and voting on consensus decisions.
Typically, an epoch lasts for approximately two days, although the exact length can vary slightly depending on the number of slots and the slot duration. Each epoch is composed of multiple slots, which are short time intervals (around 400 milliseconds each) during which a designated validator has the opportunity to propose a block.
Validators are assigned slots ahead of time in a process called leader scheduling, which is determined by the network's proof-of-stake consensus mechanism. This schedule helps optimize performance and ensures the high throughput that Solana is known for, supporting thousands of transactions per second.
At the end of each epoch, the network performs several important maintenance tasks. One of the most significant is the reward distribution process, where stakers and validators receive inflationary rewards based on their participation and stake. Epoch boundaries also mark the point at which changes in stake delegation take effect, meaning that if you delegate your SOL to a new validator, the actual change in stake activation or deactivation occurs at the next epoch.
Solana's use of epochs introduces a predictable structure for both technical operations and user interactions, such as staking and reward expectations. By segmenting time and actions into these fixed units, the network can efficiently handle changes, maintain performance, and ensure consistency across the decentralized validator set.
A slot is a window of time on the Solana blockchain during which a validator (the leader) is responsible for proposing a block. Each slot is approximately 400 milliseconds long, and the network processes 432,000 slots per epoch.
The leader is the validator that is responsible for proposing a block during a given slot. The leader schedule is generated by the network's proof-of-stake consensus mechanism ahead of time and is responsible for ensuring the security and integrity of the blockchain.
At the end of an epoch, several important processes occur: staking rewards are distributed to validators and delegators, stake activations and deactivations that were requested during the previous epoch take effect, and the validator set may be updated based on stake changes. These epoch boundaries create a predictable cadence for network participants.
Staking rewards are distributed at the end of each epoch, approximately every 2 days. The rewards are automatically added to your stake account if you have delegated SOL to a validator. The reward rate depends on several factors including the current inflation rate, total amount staked in the network, and validator performance.
When you delegate SOL to a validator or undelegate your stake, the change does not take effect immediately. Instead, stake activation or deactivation occurs at the next epoch boundary. This means there's a delay of up to one epoch (2-3 days) before your stake becomes active or your tokens become liquid after undelegating.
Slots can be skipped if the designated validator for that slot fails to produce a block within the allotted time frame. This could happen due to network latency, validator downtime, or other technical issues. The slot skip rate is an important metric for network health, with lower skip rates indicating a more reliable validator set and network infrastructure.